Professor James Alexander

Emeritus Professor

Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences

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Personal statement

Our laboratory specialises in studying the interaction of the immune system with intracellular protozoan parasites, particularly Leishmania and Toxoplasma gondii. The use of cytokine, cytokine receptor, costimulatory molecule, and signaling molecule gene deficient mice is currently providing a very powerful tool in the analysis of immunoregulatory control of parasitic disease. We have recently further expanded our studies to utilize 2nd generation gene reporter as well as cytokine receptor tissue/cell specific knockouts. Of particular interest to our group is is the development of vaccines against these parasites using recombinant antigen preparations and gene deficient mutants. The development and characterisation of novel adjuvants for use with modern technology vaccines is a particular area of expertise within the group. The development of vaccine delivery formulations, which function as well as orally as they do parenterally is an area of top priority.

We have pioneered studies on the immunopathology of Toxoplasma gondii particularly in the central nervous system and characterised a laboratory model of congenital toxoplasmosis suitable for testing vaccines and chemotherapeutic agents. How these immune responses to parasite infection are influenced by gender and sex hormones is an area of particular interest.

Ongoing collaborations with the Universities of Glasgow, York, Birmingham, Cape Town, Lusanne and Chicago complement these studies.

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Publications

IL-4 mediated resistance of BALB/c mice to visceral leishmaniasis is independent of IL-4Rα signaling via T cells
McFarlane Emma, Mokgethi Thabang, Kaye Paul M, Hurdayal Ramona, Brombacher Frank, Alexander James, Carter Katharine C
Frontiers in Immunology Vol 10 (2019)
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01957
Whole genome microarray analysis of DUSP4-deletion reveals a novel role for MAP kinase phosphatase-2 (MKP-2) in macrophage gene expression and function
Neamatallah Thikryat, Jabbar Shilan, Tate Rothwelle, Schroeder Juliane, Shweash Muhannad, Alexander James, Plevin Robin
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol 20 (2019)
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20143434
Novel protective role for MAP kinase phosphatase 2 in inflammatory arthritis
Schroeder Juliane, Ross Kirsty, McIntosh Kathryn, Jabbar Shilan Khayrula Jabbar, Woods Stuart, Crowe Jenny, Patterson-Kane Janet C, Alexander James, Lawrence Catherine, Plevin Robin
RMD Open Vol 5, pp. e000711 (2019)
https://doi.org/10.1136/rmdopen-2018-000711
Acanthamoeba proteases contribute to macrophage activation through PAR1, but not PAR2
Cano Antonella, Mattana Antonella, Henriquez Fiona L, Alexander James, Roberts Craig W
Parasite Immunology, pp. e12612 (2018)
https://doi.org/10.1111/pim.12612
Acanthamoeba activates macrophages predominantly through toll-like receptor 4 and MyD88-dependent mechanisms to induce Interleukin IL-12 and IL-6
Cano Antonella, Mattana Antonella, Woods Stuart, Henriquez Fiona L, Alexander James, Roberts Craig W
Infection and Immunity Vol 85 (2017)
https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.01054-16
Natural and vaccine-mediated immunity to Salmonella Typhimurium is impaired by the helminth Nippostrongylus brasiliensis
Bobat Saeeda, Darby Matthew, Mrdjen Dunja, Cook Charlotte, Logan Erin, Auret Jennifer, Jones Elizabeth, Schnoeller Corinna, Flores-Langarica Adriana, Ross Ewan A, Vira Alykhan, López-Macías Constantino, Henderson Ian R, Alexander James, Brombacher Frank, Horsnell William G, Cunningham Adam F
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases Vol 8 (2014)
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003341

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Professional Activities

Royal Society (External organisation)
Chair
2008
MRC (External organisation)
Chair
2008
Integrated Functional Genomics on the Road to Leishmaniasis control, UK
Keynote/plenary speaker
1/2008
Infection and Immunity
Editorial board member
2008
International Congresses on Toxoplasmosis , USA
Chair
1/2008
Second Generation Vaccines for Leishmania, WHO, Mexico
Keynote/plenary speaker
1/2008

More professional activities

Projects

In Vivo Reporting using Nanosystems Chemistry and Optical Spectroscopy
Graham, Duncan (Principal Investigator) Alexander, James (Co-investigator) Brewer, James (Co-investigator) Faulds, Karen (Co-investigator) Garside, Paul (Co-investigator) Maffia, Pasquale (Co-investigator)
The research focus of this feasibility account is in the application of nanoscience into living systems for improvement of health. There are two themes which run through this research focussing on diagnostics and therapeutics. Our existing Platform Grant has allowed us to start looking at functionalised nanoparticles as responsive nanosensors for analysing cell receptors and enzyme activity within cells based on the change in surface enhanced Raman scattering in a number of target systems. The focus so far has been on immunologically compromised cells and, through very exciting preliminary data and discussion with interested, more clinically based parties, we propose to use this feasibility account to allow us to conduct preliminary studies transposing our research to the next level and to that of genuine in vivo experimentation and implementation of nanoscience. So far, the focus has been on diagnostic information retrieval however, here we propose to couple this with a therapeutic aspect. The mounting of biological drugs, such as therapeutic antibodies, onto nanoparticles appears to have significant effect on the efficacy of the drug when used in vitro. To test this in vivo is very challenging and largely an unknown entity. New biological drugs that have been developed are not fully characterised in terms of where they locate within a body and where they provide their most beneficial action. Despite this, FDA approval has been given and we propose to use our combination of nanoscience, spectroscopy functionalisation and immunological/clinical expertise to create a series of cross disciplinary highly adventurous in vivo experiments with a view to pump priming a much larger and consolidated programme of work.
01-Jan-2010 - 31-Jan-2011
Establishment of a biophotonic imaging system for in vivo biology
Brewer, James (Principal Investigator) Alexander, James (Co-investigator) Coombs, Graham (Co-investigator) Garside, Paul (Co-investigator) Lawrence, Catherine (Co-investigator)
01-Jan-2009 - 31-Jan-2014
The cellular basis and pathogenic consequences of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatise-2 regulation of innate and adaptive immunity
Plevin, Robin (Principal Investigator) Alexander, James (Co-investigator)
01-Jan-2009 - 31-Jan-2013
The Royal Society International Fellowship - Mr Chesney Michels
Alexander, James (Principal Investigator)
01-Jan-2006 - 31-Jan-2007
Leishmania Macrophage Inhibition Factor activity
Alexander, James (Principal Investigator)
01-Jan-2006 - 29-Jan-2008
OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPIES FOR IMMUNO-BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS
Graham, Duncan (Principal Investigator) Alexander, James (Co-investigator) Birch, David (Co-investigator) Faulds, Karen (Co-investigator) Garside, Paul (Co-investigator) Smith, William (Co-investigator)
The manipulation of materials at a molecular level combined with measurement on a scale approaching nanometres means that chemistry can be considered central and enabling to many disciplines such as the life sciences. The ability to produce probes that can be used to report on the biological status of a system at a molecular level is key to advancing the understanding of such systems and how disease and treatments impact on these healthy systems. There is a significant role for chemists to fulfil by providing such ability and this proposal seeks to provide the underlying support to achieve this goal. We have expertise in producing probe molecules that respond to biological stimulus in vitro and can be measured using optical spectroscopies, however, in order for them to be used in vivo new interdisciplinary collaborations need to be established and adventurous experiments attempted to transpose this science out of the test-tube and into the cell.
01-Jan-2006 - 31-Jan-2012

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Contact

Professor James Alexander
Emeritus Professor
Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences

Email: j.alexander@strath.ac.uk
Tel: 548 3925